John Crowe Ransom, Guy Owen & Andrew Lytle Univ. North Carolina Writers Forum

Description: Elliott Hall University Of North Carolina at Greensboro Writers Forum Coraddi - University Of North Carolina at Greensboro Art & Literature Magazine Double Poster 20” x 20” 2/2 - 2 Color Silkscreen 2 Sided John Crowe Ransom April 5 8:00 P.M. Cone Ballroom Coraddi Panel April 6 3:30 P.M. Alexander Room Guy Owen Andrew Lytle (Andrew Nelson Lytle) John Crowe Ransom Guy Owen Andrew Lytle (Andrew Nelson Lytle) April 6 8:00 P.M. Cone Ballroom John Crowe Ransom John Crowe Ransom (April 30, 1888 – July 3, 1974) was an American educator, scholar, literary critic, poet, essayist and editor. He is considered to be a founder of the New Criticism school of literary criticism. As a faculty member at Kenyon College, he was the first editor of the widely regarded Kenyon Review. Highly respected as a teacher and mentor to a generation of accomplished students, he also was a prize-winning poet and essayist. John Crowe Ransom Born April 30, 1888 Pulaski, Tennessee, US Died July 3, 1974 (aged 86) Gambier, Ohio, US Resting place Kenyon College Cemetery, Gambier, Ohio Nationality American Alma mater Vanderbilt University (B.A.) Christ Church, Oxford (M.A.) Occupations Educator scholar literary critic poet essayist Employer Kenyon College Known for New Criticism school of literary criticism Partner Robb Reavill Awards Rhodes Scholarship, Bollingen Prize for Poetry, National Book Award Ransom taught Latin for one year at the Hotchkiss School alongside Samuel Claggett Chew (1888–1960). He was then appointed to the English department at Vanderbilt University in 1914. During the First World War, he served as an artillery officer in France. After the war, he returned to Vanderbilt.He was a founding member of the Fugitives, a Southern literary group of sixteen writers that functioned primarily as a kind of poetry workshop and included Donald Davidson, Allen Tate, and Robert Penn Warren. Under their influence, Ransom, whose first interest had been philosophy (specifically John Dewey and American pragmatism) began writing poetry. His first volume of poems, Poems about God (1919), was praised by Robert Frost and Robert Graves. The Fugitive Group had a special interest in Modernist poetry and, under Ransom's editorship, started a short-lived but highly influential magazine, called The Fugitive, which published American Modernist poets, mainly from the South (though they also published Northerners like Hart Crane). Out of all the Fugitive poets, Norton poetry editors Richard Ellmann and Robert O'Clair opined that, "[Ransom's poems were] among the most remarkable," characterizing his poetry as "quirky" and "at times eccentric." In 1930, alongside eleven other Southern Agrarians, he published the conservative, Agrarian manifesto I'll Take My Stand: The South and the Agrarian Tradition, which assailed the tide of industrialism that appeared to be sweeping away traditional Southern culture. The Agrarians believed that the Southern tradition, rooted in the pre-Civil War agricultural model, was the answer to the South's economic and cultural problems. His contribution to I'll Take My Stand is his essay Reconstructed but Unregenerate which starts the book and lays out the Southern Agrarians' basic argument. In various essays influenced by his Agrarian beliefs, Ransom defended the manifesto's assertion that modern industrial capitalism was a dehumanizing force that the South should reject in favor of an agrarian economic model. However, by the late 1930s he began to distance himself from the movement, and in 1945, he publicly criticized it.[6] He remained an active essayist until his death even though, by the 1970s, the popularity and influence of the New Critics had seriously diminished. In 1937, he accepted a position at Kenyon College in Gambier, Ohio. He was the founding editor of the Kenyon Review, and continued as editor until his retirement in 1959. In 1966, he was elected to the American Academy of Arts and Letters. He has few peers among twentieth-century American university teachers of humanities; his distinguished students included Donald Davidson, Randall Jarrell, George Lanning, Robert Lowell, Andrew Lytle, Allen Tate, Peter Taylor, Robie Macauley, Robert Penn Warren, E.L. Doctorow, Cleanth Brooks, Richard M. Weaver, James Wright, and Constantinos Patrides (himself a Rhodes Scholar, who dedicated his monograph on John Milton's Lycidas to Ransom's memory). His literary reputation is based chiefly on two collections of poetry, Chills and Fever (1924) and Two Gentlemen in Bonds (1927). Believing he had no new themes upon which to write, his subsequent poetic activity consisted almost entirely of revising ("tinkering", he called it) his earlier poems. Hence Ransom's reputation as a poet is based on the fewer than 160 poems he wrote and published between 1916 and 1927. In 1963, the poet/critic and former Ransom student Randall Jarrell published an essay in which he highly praised Ransom's poetry: In John Crowe Ransom's best poems every part is subordinated to the whole, and the whole is accomplished with astonishing exactness and thoroughness. Their economy, precision, and restraint gives the poems, sometimes, an original yet impersonal perfection . . . And sometimes their phrasing is magical—light as air, soft as dew, the real old-fashioned enchantment. The poems satisfy our nostalgia for the past, yet themselves have none. They are reports . . . of our world's old war between power and love, between those who efficiently and practically know and those who are "content to feel/ What others understand." And these reports of battles are, somehow, bewitching . . . Ransom's poems profess their limitations so candidly, almost as a principle of style, that it is hardly necessary to say they are not poems of the largest scope or the greatest intensity. But they are some of the most original poems ever written, just as Ransom is one of the best, most original, and most sympathetic poets alive; it is easy to see that his poetry will always be cared for, since he has written poems that are perfectly realized and occasionally almost perfect." Despite the brevity of his poetic career and output, Ransom won the Bollingen Prize for Poetry in 1951. His 1963 Selected Poems received the National Book Award the following year. He primarily wrote short poems examining the ironic and unsentimental nature of life (with domestic life in the American South being a major theme). An example of his Southern style is his poem "Janet Waking", which "mixes modernist with old-fashioned country rhetoric.”He was noted as a strict formalist, using both regular rhyme and meter in almost all of his poems. He also occasionally employed archaic diction. Ellman and O'Clair note that "[Ransom] defends formalism because he sees in it a check on bluntness, on brutality. Without formalism, he insists, poets simply rape or murder their subjects." He was a leading figure of the school of literary criticism known as the New Criticism, which gained its name from his 1941 volume of essays The New Criticism. The New Critical theory, which dominated American literary thought throughout the middle 20th century, emphasized close reading, and criticism based on the texts themselves rather than on non-textual bias or non-textual history. In his seminal 1937 essay, "Criticism, Inc." Ransom laid out his ideal form of literary criticism stating that, "criticism must become more scientific, or precise and systematic." To this end, he argued that personal responses to literature, historical scholarship, linguistic scholarship, and what he termed "moral studies" should not influence literary criticism. He also argued that literary critics should regard a poem as an aesthetic object. Many of the ideas he explained in this essay would become very important in the development of The New Criticism. "Criticism, Inc." and a number of Ransom's other theoretical essays set forth some of the guiding principles that the New Critics would build upon. Still, his former students, specifically Allen Tate, Cleanth Brooks, and Robert Penn Warren, had a greater hand in developing many of the key concepts (like "close reading") that later came to define the New Criticism. In 1951, he was awarded the Russell Loines Award for Poetry from the National Institute of Arts and Letters. The World's Body. (C. Scribner's Sons, Ltd., 1938.) The New Criticism. (New Directions, 1941). God without thunder: an unorthodox defense of orthodoxy (Archon Books, 1965). Poetry collections Poems About God (Henry Holt & Co., 1919). Chills and Fever (A.A. Knopf, 1924). Includes "Bells for John Whiteside's Daughter" Grace after Meat (1924). Two Gentlemen in Bonds (Knopf, 1927). Selected Poems (Knopf, 1963) Anthologies The Poetry of 1900-1950 (1951). The Past Half-century in Literature: A Symposium (National Council of English Teachers, 1952). Poems and Essays (Random House, 1965). Beating the bushes: selected essays, 1941-1970 (New Directors, 1972). Textbook A College Primer of Writing (H.Holt and Company, 1943). ******************************************************* Andrew Nelson Lytle Andrew Nelson Lytle (December 26, 1902 – December 12, 1995) was an American novelist, dramatist, essayist and professor of literature. Andrew Nelson Lytle Born December 26, 1902 Murfreesboro, Tennessee, U.S. Died December 12, 1995 (aged 92) Monteagle, Tennessee, U.S. Academic background Education Vanderbilt University (BA) Yale University (MFA) Academic work Discipline Literature Institutions Sewanee: The University of the South University of Florida Andrew Nelson Lytle was born on December 26, 1902, in Murfreesboro, Tennessee. He graduated from Vanderbilt University in 1925. Lytle's first literary success came as a result of his association with the Southern Agrarians, a movement whose members included poets Robert Penn Warren and Allen Tate, whom Lytle knew from Vanderbilt University. The group of poets, novelists and writers published the 1930s I'll Take My Stand, which expressed their philosophy. The work was attacked by contemporaries, and current scholars believe it to be a reactionary and romanticized defense of the Old South and the Lost Cause of the Confederacy. It ignored slavery and denounced "progress", for example, and some critics considered it to be moved by nostalgia In 1948, Lytle helped start the Master of Fine Arts program at the University of Florida. Lytle first published a biography of Nathan Bedford Forrest, the Confederate general of the American Civil War: Bedford Forrest and his Critter Company (1931). Lytle went on to write more than a dozen books, including novels, collected short stories, and collections of essays on literary and cultural topics. Most critics consider The Velvet Horn (1957) to be Lytle's best work. It was nominated for the National Book Award for fiction. His 1973 memoir, A Wake For The Living, is a tour-de-force in Southern storytelling, combining a deep religious sensibility, an expansive view of history that links events across decades and even centuries, and—sometimes—bawdy family tales. Lytle served as editor of the Sewanee Review from 1961 to 1973 while he was a professor at the University of the South. During Lytle's tenure, the Review became one of the nation's most prestigious literary magazines. Lytle was an early champion of Flannery O'Connor's work. Lytle encouraged many writers, including Allen Tate and Robert Penn Warren, but also Elizabeth Bishop, Caroline Gordon, and Robert Lowell. His insightful criticism often improved their work. Lytle taught literature and creative writing at the University of Florida, where he had Merrill Joan Gerber, Madison Jones and Harry Crews as students. Though Lytle retired from the University of the South in 1973, he never fully retired from either writing or teaching. In the last years of his life, he had what he called the "great pleasure" of seeing most of his earlier books come back into print. Several university presses published collections of his stories and essays. Bedford Forrest and His Critter Company (1931) The Long Night (1936) At the Moon's Inn (1941) A Name for Evil (1947) The Velvet Horn (1957) A Novel, a Novella, and Four Stories (1958) The Hero with the Private Parts: Essays (1966) Craft and Vision: The Best Fiction from the Sewanee Review (1971) (edited) A Wake for the Living: A Family Chronicle (1975) The Lytle-Tate Letters: The Correspondence of Andrew Lytle and Allen Tate (1987) (edited by Thomas Daniel Young and Elizabeth Sarcone) Southerners and Europeans: Essays in a Time of Disorder (1988) From Eden to Babylon: The Social and Political Essays of Andrew Nelson Lytle (1990) (edited by M. E. Bradford) Kristin: A Reading (1992) ****************************************************** Guy Owen (novelist) Guy Owen (February 24, 1925 – July 25, 1981) was a professor of English who produced many different types of literary works. He was born in Clarkton, Bladen County, North Carolina, and grew up on a tobacco farm. Although his college education was interrupted by three years as an army private in Europe during World War II, he ultimately earned his bachelor's, master's, and doctoral degrees at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. Although he never returned there to live, his Depression-era boyhood in the Cape Fear region, spent accompanying his grandfather to auctions and clerking at his father's general store, informed his writing, providing him with a lifetime of material for his fiction and poetry. In the years between earning his M.A. and his Ph.D., Owen taught briefly at Davidson College and Elon College. During a four-year stint as an associate professor at Stetson University in Florida, he published his first poetry collection, and founded Impetus, the literary magazine which would evolve into the Southern Poetry Review. In 1960, he published his first novel, Season of Fear, a Depression-era story set in a rural community. The story of one man's struggle between religion and sex was critically well received, but its seriousness left Owen ready to write some lighter fiction. The Ballad of the Flim-Flam Man follows the comic adventures of an aging confidence man and his young AWOL sidekick in a thinly fictionalized Bladen County. Mordecai Jones and the guitar playing Curley Treadaway were to become two of Owen's favorite characters. The book was made into a movie in 1967 (The Flim-Flam Man) starring George C. Scott and Michael Sarrazin, and the characters reappeared in two more books to "con" the greedy and gullible who only get what they deserve. The 1970 novel Journey for Joedel won the Sir Walter Raleigh Award for best work of fiction by a North Carolinian. In 1962, Owen took a position at North Carolina State University. He continued over the years to publish stories and poems. His collection The White Stallion and Other Poems won a Roanoke-Chowan cup for poetry by a North Carolina poet. He co-edited several anthologies of state and regional verse, lectured and conducted workshops across the state for writers of all levels, participated in the "poetry in the schools" program, and directed the North Carolina Poetry Circuit, which brought together poets and college students. As a writer and teacher of writing, Guy Owen adhered to two principles. The first was specificity: "Never write 'flower': write 'rose' or 'marigold' or 'chrysanthemum.'" The second was "Make your reader comfortable," meaning that a writer should give enough information in a clear style to enable the reader to easily enter the writer's world. Owen's many honors include a Bread Loaf Scholarship, the Henry H. Bellamann Foundation Award, a Yaddo Fellowship, and the 1971 gold medallion North Carolina Award for Literature. Owen died of liver cancer in Rex Hospital in Raleigh, North Carolina, at the age of 56. Books and editorships The Ballad of the Flim-Flam Man. New York: Macmillan, 1965. Cape Fear Country, and Other Poems. Lake Como, Florida: New Athenaeum Press, 1958. Contemporary Poetry of North Carolina. Edited with Mary C. Williams. Winston-Salem: John F. Blair, 1977. The Flim-Flam Man & the Apprentice Grifter. New York: Crown Publishers, 1972. Journey for Joedel. New York: Crown. 1970. Modern American Poetry: Essays in Criticism. DeLand, Florida: Everett/Edwards, 1972. New Southern Poets: Selected Poems from Southern Poetry Review. Edited with Mary C. Williams. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1974. Season of Fear. New York: Random House, 1960. Southern Poetry Review. Edited 1958–1977. Southern Poetry Review: A Decade of Poems. Editor. Raleigh: Southern Poetry Review Press, 1969. The White Stallion and Other Poems. Winston-Salem: John F. Blair, 1969. Owen has had appearances in periodicals, including New East, Southern Literary Journal, Southern World, Tar Heel, and numerous poetry journals

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